What do prokaryotic organisms lack compared to eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic organisms are characterized by their simpler cellular structure, which includes the absence of a membrane-bounded nucleus. In contrast, eukaryotic cells possess a defined nucleus that is enclosed by a nuclear membrane, allowing for the organization of genetic material and separation of transcription and translation processes. This distinction plays a crucial role in the complexity and functionality of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic ones.

While some eukaryotic cells do contain chloroplasts and many are multicellular, prokaryotic organisms can either have or lack cell walls, as cell walls vary among different prokaryotic species. Therefore, the defining feature that sets prokaryotes apart in this context is indeed the absence of a membrane-bounded nucleus.