What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the cellular process known as protein synthesis. They are the sites where the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) occurs, leading to the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. This process is fundamental for a variety of cellular functions, including the formation of enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules that are vital for cell operations and overall functioning of an organism.

Synthesis of lipids and production of ATP are typically carried out by other specific cellular structures, such as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum for lipids and mitochondria for ATP. Modifying DNA is primarily the role of various enzymes during processes like replication and transcription, which occurs in the nucleus. Thus, the production of proteins is distinctly identified as the primary function of ribosomes.