Which component of the cell is primarily responsible for packaging and distribution of proteins?

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for the packaging and distribution of proteins in the cell. This organelle modifies proteins that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for transport to their final destinations, either within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins by adding carbohydrate groups or other modifications, which can affect their function and ensure they are properly directed to where they will be utilized.

While ribosomes are essential for synthesizing proteins, they do not package or distribute them. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, responsible for storing DNA and managing cell activities, including gene expression, but does not directly involve itself in protein packaging. The rough endoplasmic reticulum does play a part in the initial synthesis of proteins, particularly those that are secreted or membrane-bound, but it is the Golgi apparatus that finalizes their processing for distribution.