Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

The nucleus is the part of the cell that contains the genetic material, specifically the DNA, which is organized into chromosomes. This structure serves as the control center for the cell, regulating gene expression and ensuring that genetic information is accurately replicated and passed on during cell division. The DNA within the nucleus carries the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of the organism.

In contrast, the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles, but it does not house the genetic material itself. The mitochondrion is primarily responsible for energy production within the cell through the process of cellular respiration, and while it contains its own small amount of DNA, this is distinct from the main genetic material found in the nucleus. The cell membrane serves as a barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, but again, it does not contain genetic material. Therefore, the nucleus is the essential structure where the genetic information is stored and managed.