Which particles make up an atom?

An atom is the fundamental unit of matter and is composed of three primary subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of the atom, which is made up of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged and determine the atomic number of an element, while neutrons are neutral and contribute to the atomic mass.

The presence of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is essential for defining the identity and properties of an element. The interaction between these particles, along with the electrons surrounding them, influences how atoms bond and react with each other to form molecules.

Understanding that electrons, protons, and neutrons comprise an atom is fundamental in biology and chemistry, as it lays the groundwork for understanding chemical reactions, bonding, and the behavior of elements in various biological processes.